john grisham :: essays research papers

John Grisham a graduate of Mississippi State University and Ole Miss Law School, he finished his law degree in 1981 and afterwards practiced law for about 10 years, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1983 and served until 1990. He began writing in 1984 and 3 years later finished hid first novel, A Time to Kill, published by Wynnewood Press in June 1988. John, Renee and their children now live in Charlottesville, Va.. Grisham, John. A Time to Kill. New York: Wynnewood Press, 1989.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Time to Kill† wrote by John Grisham was a riveting story of retribution and justice. In this searing courtroom drama, best-selling author John Grisham probes the savage depths of racial violence as he delivers a compelling tale of in certain justice in a small southern town in Clanton, Mississippi. In the end, Jake comes up with an outstanding closing argument, turning the story towards a different perspective for the white people of the jury and then turning it back to how it actually happen. Grisham, John. The Summons. New York: Doubleday, 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ray Atlee is a professor of law at the University of Virginia. Ray is forty-three, newly single and still enduring the aftershocks of a surprise divorce. He has a younger brother, Forrest, who redefines the notion of a family’s black sheep and he has a father, know as Judge Atlee, a very sick old man who lives alone in the ancestral home in Clanton, Mississippi. With the end in sight, Judge Atlee issues a summons for both sons to return home to Clanton, to discuss the details of his estate. But the family meeting does not take place. The Judge dies too soon and in doing so leaves behind a shocking secret known only to Ray and perhaps someone else. Grisham, John. The Firm. New York: Doubleday, 1991.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mitch McDeere signed on with Bendini, Lambert & Locke of Memphis, he thought him and his beautiful wife were on their way. The firm leased him a BMW, paid of his school loans, arranged him a mortgage and hired him a decorator. Mitch McDeere should have remembered what his brother Ray- doing fifteen years in a Tennessee jail- already knew. You never get anything for nothing. Now, the FBI has the lowdown on Mitch’s firm and needs his help. Mitch is caught between a rock and a hard place, with no choice, if he wants to live.

Choose one case study and evaluate it from the perspective of the Behaviourist Approach. Provide strategies for intervention based only on this theory

Abstract This essay evaluates case study 3B through the perspective of behaviourism as identified by Skinner et al (1948). The subject in 3B is named Jethro, who is exhibiting signs of disruptive behaviour in school. His actions are analysed from the view of the Behaviourists, using such theories as classical and operant conditioning. Methods for guidance and improvement based on this analysis are then offered. Introduction Behaviourism is a theory which analyses human behaviour in terms of observable cause and effect, rather than mental processes. It advocates that humans react to positive and negative reinforcement of such behaviour throughout their lives – most notably during childhood and adolescence (Mah, 2007). A behaviourist psychologist named Pavlov (1902) developed the theory of ‘classical conditioning’ through an experiment with using his dogs. The theory then went on to become one of the most vital mechanisms of Behaviourism. This is where un-conditioned responses such as salivation at the sight of food can be associated with the ringing of a bell that accompanies the smell of food; thereby giving the dog a learned conditioned response. Skinner (1948) added to this by developing ‘operant conditioning’; which suggests that positive reinforcement and negative punishment are able to create similar conditioned responses too. It has also been argued by Behaviourist s that humans share this same basic psychology as animals on a fundamental level, and can learn associations between reward and consequence (operant conditioning) and learn conditioned responses to stimuli (classical conditioning) (Costello & Angold, 2000). Because of this how concrete and empirically-based the approach is, it is the most commonly applied theory to basic classroom dynamics; as good behaviours are rewarded with positive reinforcement (i.e. good grades, a ‘gold sticker’) and bad, maladaptive behaviours are rewarded with negative reinforcement (i.e. bad grades, detention or ‘naughty step’). It is the simplest way to discipline a class. Shirley (2009) has argued that no lesson plan can work if there is no behaviourism present. In light of this, the analysis will look at how Jethro’s ‘good’ and ‘bad’ behaviours have been reinforced by both his teachers and his parents, and then how his current actions have developed because of this. Any possible suggestions for intervention will then be given in order to re-balance his previous conditioning. Jethro’s Behaviourist Assessment At first glance, Jethro’s behaviour seems to be a product of a lack of reinforcement from his parents and teachers in both a positive and negative respect (Wheldall & Glynn, 1989). He lacks the balance that operant conditioning offers and classical conditioning can be used to explain the way he has associated subjects he does not enjoy with frustration and even aggression. It seems that neither parent nor teacher has attempted to positively associate a subject Jethro doesn’t enjoy with a reward or method that he does enjoy (Porter, 2006). This can be seen from the â€Å"challenge† that is posed by adults that spark â€Å"angry outbursts† from Jethro. From a behaviourist view, this â€Å"challenge† would be seen as another negative reinforcement for his actions, as opposed to engagement on another level that may interest the boy. For example, he enjoys music and is evidently a creative person – perhaps more creative lesson plans would put an e nd to his aggressive behaviour, as he would then learn a positive conditioned response to that lesson. A large-scale survey of teachers and pupils entitled ‘The Elton Report’ (1989) suggested that schools’ biggest concern was that of low-level but high-frequency disruptions such as talking during lessons, not waiting, running in corridors and fidgeting. These are called â€Å"TooTs† (talking out of turn) by the DFE, and seem to be a very common occurrence in adolescents. Jethro’s behaviours are mostly TooTs such as rudeness, only doing the minimum required and lateness, and could easily be seen as avoidance of activities that he does not gain any sort of positive reinforcement from i.e. truanting classes when he does not like the teacher. Jethro does not gain any reward from these classes, and therefore does not seek to even attempt to participate because he has been conditioned to act out of turn in them and not pay due attention. It is also evident that musical stimulus gives Jethro pleasure. Akin to how the smell of food gave Pavlov’s dogs a ‘hard-wired’ un-conditioned response (McLeod, 2007), it seems that Jethro did not need to learn his response to music; that it was always present. We can infer that his parents did not aid this response, as they are â€Å"too busy† to have even kept any appointments with his head-teacher. This neglect seems to have created these maladaptive behaviours, as children thrive on a token economy with a reward/punishment scheme (Cooper & Upton, 1991). It could be argued that Jethro’s parents’ neglect of his interests and behaviours acts as its own positive reinforcement of his maladaptive behaviours such as truancy, lateness and being confrontational. This would make Jethro believe that these bad behaviours are in fact good or merely neutral. Without punishment from the primary caregiver, the subject will learn to persist in these behaviours as they go without consequence or even reason (Chung & Nolan, 1998). Jethro fits into the first group of unruly children as stated by the DFE – the â€Å"naughty and disruptive, but responsive† group (DFE, 1994). This can be seen in his sometimes aggressive behaviour, but also in his enjoyment of music. His participation in his town’s Community Action Week makes a good example of how Jethro does indeed respond to positive rewards and stimuli i.e. the act of playing guitar at the old people’s home made him feel elated, or ‘good’; whereas other subjects make him unruly (Premack, 1959). Strategies for Intervention The â€Å"chill-outs† that Jethro receives from teachers shed light on his previous conditioning. Although they could be seen as punishments, they are not the correct punishment to give, as they fail to make a negative association with acting ‘out-of-turn’. Especially given the fact that Jethro is sixteen years old, in the midst of adolescence. It should be noted that adolescents require extra stimulation in their field of interest, as they are beginning to progress up the ‘pyramid of learning’ of Bloom’s taxonomy (1956) and start to create more complex associations and responses as well as being more autonomous (White & Renk, 2011). In light of this, perhaps a harsher punishment is necessary to re-balance the boy’s conditioning, for example – a detention. Arguably this could take place during music class, so as to heighten the negative reinforcement of his behaviour. However, a strategy such as this may serve to severely harm the boy if carried out repeatedly, as it is clear that he is passionate about music, and music is one lesson that he has â€Å"no reported problems† in. Care should be taken so as not to permanently damage Jethro’s positive talents and create an even more negative association with every other aspect of school life. Although, if this punishment is reserved for instances of intense aggression, the strategy may prove fruitful. Another intervention strategy may be to actively encourage Jethro with more rewards for trying harder in lessons he currently does not enjoy. Presently, there are no signs of any attempt to condition the student into doing more than the very minimum required. Although he is working at his National Curriculum age appropriate levels, the teachers are seen to only â€Å"complain†; thereby further reinforcing his response of ‘not trying’. If teachers offered some sort of reward as compensation i.e. being able to complete ‘homework’ in class rather than having to take it home, then maybe Jethro would comply more as he would then have more time to pursue his music, for instance. After a while, Jethro would begin to associate going to class with positive responses and rewards through a teaching style based upon classical and operant conditioning. Similar to the DFE’s circular 8/94 entitled â€Å"Pupil Behaviour and Discipline† (1994); strategies should be implemented that promote respect between students and staff. There should be a token economy with formal rewards that focusses mainly on positive reinforcement for successes, rather than purely negative reinforcements and punishments for acting ‘out of turn’. Clear boundaries of acceptable behaviour are required in order to successfully intervene with Jethro and condition him to be a more respectful, academically-minded student. A liaison between home and school should also be encouraged to ensure Jethro adapts thoroughly as a person, not just a pupil (Ayers et al, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that Jethro’s conditioning needs to be re-balanced through a succession of positive and negative reinforcements, coupled with a reward scheme that congratulates ‘good’ behaviour to encourage the student to try harder. At present, his behaviour is un-disciplined because he has not learnt the correct responses to stimuli such as adults’ challenges, work that he does not like and arriving to lessons promptly. With the suggestions offered here, these behaviours will change and make Jethro a more ‘co-operative’ student; to the point of altering his responses to neutral stimuli into positive ones – allowing him to associate the aspects of school life that currently trouble him, with happiness and rewards. References Ayers, H., Clarke, D. & Murray, A. (2000). Perspectives on Behaviour: A Practical Guide to Effective Interventions for Teachers. David Fulton Publishers. ISBN-10: 1853466727. Chung, C. M. & Nolan, P. (1998). Children with Challenging Behaviour: Past and Present in the United Kingdom. Children and Society. Vol. 12. Cooper, P. & Upton, G. (1991). Controlling the Urge to Control: An Eco-systemic Approach to Problem Behaviour in Schools. Problem Behaviour. Support for Learning. Vol. 6 No. 1. Costello, J. & Angold, A. (2000). Bad Behaviour: An Historical Perspective on Disorders of Conduct. Conduct Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN-10: 0521786398. DES. (1989). Discipline in Schools. The Elton Report. London. HMSO. DFE. (1994). Discipline in Schools, Circular 8/94. London. Department for Education. Mah, R. (2007). Difficult Behaviour in Early Childhood. Positive Discipline for Pre K-3 Classroom & Beyond. Corwin. ISBN-10: 1412937159. McLeod, S. (2007). Pavlov’s Dogs. Simply Psychology. Accessed: http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html. Last Accessed 04/07/2014. Porter, L. (2006). Behaviour in Schools: Theory and Practice for Teachers. Open University Press. ISBN-10: 0335220010. Premack, D. (1959). Empirical Behaviour Laws: Positive Reinforcement. Psychological Review. Vol. 66. Shirley, R. (2009). The Behaviourist Approach to Teaching in Class. Accessed: https://suite.io/rachel-shirley/1qz5268. Last Accessed 04/07/2014. Wheldall, K. & Glynn, T. (1989). Effective Classroom Learning. Blackwell. Oxford. White, R. & Renk, K. (2011). Externalizing Behaviour Problems during Adolescence: An Ecological Perspective. Springer Science and Business Media.

Gender Is The Reality Of Gender - 1684 Words

â€Å"We act as if that being of a man or that being of a woman is actually an internal reality or something that is simply true about us, a fact about us, but actually it s a phenomenon that is being produced all the time and reproduced all the time, so to say gender is performative is to say that nobody really is a gender from the start.† (Judith Butler). Differences and opinions about genders are pointed out through most of our precious time on this planet Earth and most of us are so used to this kind of interaction with humans that it just becomes completely normal to us to hear about all the time. When thinking about a â€Å"man† we imagine that gender showing a sign of dominance, strength, and emotionless. When thinking about a â€Å"woman† we imagine that gender showing a sign of nurturing, less dominant, and emotional. Because of these stereotypical differences, this unfortunately leads to an inequality of some sort that leads to segregation of tasks and disrespect between the two genders. The argument here is that we’re all the same but many people out there are too blind to see it and they would much rather believe the myth rather than the truth. If this is the case, what myths can be busted and show that both genders are really identical? There is a ton of individual diversity within societies and sexes in regards to how sex and gender play out in behavior and personality. But unfortunately, this concept is confused with genders and sexes being the same thing when it reallyShow MoreRelatedGender, Ritual And Reality By Marla N. Powers1923 Words   |  8 Pagescontributions are equally important for the development of the society. Similarly, in the book assigned Oglala Women Myth, Ritual and Reality by Marla N. Powers, demonstrates the life of women from a Lakota tribe and what their gender role contributes to the tribe and to their families and religions. Furthermore, Power tries to educate her reader about the gender and diversity of world s religion through her book. The most interesting chapter from Powers’ book was the â€Å"Old Age†, chapter 6. In thisRead MoreThe Media Machine Is A Delusion1331 Words   |  6 PagesMad Gender Roles As Brooke Gladstone stated in The Influencing Machine, â€Å"The media machine is a delusion. What we’re really dealing with is a mirror: an exalting, degrading, tedious, and transcendent funhouse mirror of America† (Gladstone xxi). It often goes unnoticed how frequently the media reflects America as if it were a mirror. Popular culture, television, and nearly every social media platform essentially showcases a mirror of American society as a whole. The media typically displays exactlyRead MoreDifference Between Ethnicity And Class939 Words   |  4 Pagesideology is a system of concepts which attempts to describe reality. Ideologies are established because truth is often too complex to be understood. They also imitate a bias and works for the benefit of a specific group. Some ideologies are well stranded in reality, whereas others are totally detached from reality and are only possible to explain in terms of the emotional and mental inspirations of its advocates. Ide ologies either over-simplify reality or entirely alter it. Yet, it is at times suitable toRead MoreAnalysis Of M. Butterfly By David Henry Hwang Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesChinese spy and not other than a man. The theme of the play begins to unravel here when it comes to the reader’s notice that the focus of this play is based on this fantasy stereotype which Gallimard holds for Song, even when finding out she is in reality a man. Throughout M. Butterfly, Gallimard manner of speaking towards Song demonstrates this idea of this fantasy stereotype. This term of â€Å"fantasy stereotype† refers to this concept that men hold of women and how the â€Å"perfect woman† should act andRead MoreThe Race On Reality Tv866 Words   |  4 PagesRace on Reality TV A unique feature of reality TV makes the show as a site where we can find how the tolerance is conducted in real life, in terms of race, gender, and foreignness. As an â€Å"unabashedly commercial genre united less by aesthetic rules or certainties than by the fusion of popular entertainment with a self-conscious claim to the discourse of the real’’ (Murray Ouellette, 2004, p. 2), reality TV enjoys its privilege of dealing with the controversial issue such as racism with ease, throughRead MoreGender and Postmodern1508 Words   |  7 Pagesargumentative essay on ‘Gender’ through comparison and contrast of the views of authorities who are postmodern practitioners† Introduction Defining postmodernism as well as gender is an extremely difficult task if not impossible. This essay is an argument on the two postmodernist’s concept on ‘Gender’. This essay argues posing foucauldian postmodernism of Judith Butler against Baudrillardean post modernism of Arthur and Marilouse Kroker with analysis on both their ideas on gender including sex andRead MoreInfluence of Media and Culture on Self Image1724 Words   |  7 Pageshow the media can affect self-concept, self-identities and self-evaluations. Media also has the power to sway beliefs, morals and behaviors. Research has shown how media content does not reflect reality in regard to who is represented, and how groups and situations are portrayed (Aubrey, 2007). Reality television is an excellent example of how someone can develop a negative self image of themselves. The television show The Real Housewives of New York is a good example. The women shown on thisRead MoreGender Roles And Norms Of The Movie Bros Before Hos, The Guy Code `` And Junot Diaz1299 Words   |  6 Pagesour gender. Although the last century has been the most revolutionary in terms of gender rights, gender norms and roles still continue to push back and damage every aspect of society. Both Michael Kimmel, author of the story â€Å"Bros Before Hos, The Guy Code† and Junot Dà ­az, author of the essay â€Å"How To Date A Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† illustrate that gender roles and norms are incredibly detrimental to everyone in society. As a result, both texts implicitly explore how gender rolesRead MoreThe Battle For Gender Equality1705 Words   |  7 PagesBound by Reality The battle for gender equality has long been a heated issue plaguing men and women all around the world. But what exactly constitutes gender equality, what does it mean to be equal? Why does gender equality matter so much in the first place? After all, are we not all human beings? The issue surrounding gender equality is a complex issue because the concept of gender in itself is a social construction. This makes the notion of gender dynamic and volatile. How one is perceivedRead MoreComparison of One is Not Born a Woman by Wittig and The Second Sex Simone De Beauvoir867 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction of gender is based on the division of humanity to man and woman. This is impossible ontologically speaking; because the humans are not divided, thus gender is merely an imaginary realm. It only exist in the language exercises, and the way that cultural products are conceived in them. This essay is a preliminary attempt to offer an analysis of ‘One Is Not Born a Woman’ by Wittig and ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone De Beauvoir holds on the language usage contribution to the creation of genders and the

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder - 1817 Words

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mark C. Giesler University of Dayton Due to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder not being recognized as a disability under IDEA, there is no legal or federal definition to reference. However, the most commonly used definition comes from the American Psychiatric Association, which states â€Å"The essential feature of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. (APA, 2013)† In order to be classified as having this disorder, there has to be three characteristics shown. These characteristics are persistency, frequency, and severance of the essential features. The American Psychological Association also states that these symptoms must be present for at least 6 months, and before the age of 12. There are many life factors that could spark symptoms of AD/HD for short periods of time such as peer influences and tragic events, which is why guidelines must be met in order to be classified. The prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is rather interesting and is very spread out amongst genders and ethnic groups. It is estimated that between 3 to 5% of children that attend school suffer from AD/HD (APA, 2000), and 1.35 to 2.25 million children are suspected of struggling with AD/HD (Turnbell et al., 1995). This ultimately categorizes as one of the most occurring forms of exceptionality. When itShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder755 Words   |  3 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Influence on Adolescent Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Influence on Adolescent Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, abbreviated by ADHD, is a common behavioral disorder that affects roughly 10% of adolescent children. Though the reasoning behind causes for ADHD is not completely understood, it has been found that males are much more likely to be diagnosed, opposed to their female counterparts. ADHD causes childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1321 Words   |  6 Pageswith attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder due to certain characteristics that children are exhibiting and this is exacerbated by: behaviors that are developmentally appropriate, cultural differences between home and school, and the lack of knowledge of the symptoms and disorder that is ADHD. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder is one of the most prevalent conditions amongst youth nation wide. Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder also known as ADHD is a developmental brain disorder â€Å"characterizedRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1797 Words   |  8 Pages Neurodevelopmental Disorders Specifically Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Abby Hull Southern Illinois University Carbondale Neurodevelopmental Disorders Specifically Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder â€Å"ADHD: we think more things before breakfast than most people think all day† (â€Å"We Think†¦, 2012). â€Å"Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of disorders in which the development of the central nervous system is disturbed. These disruptions can include developmentalRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, (AD/HD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization, and hyperactivity- impulsivity. ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, while ADD stands for attention deficit disorder. ADHD is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual under neurodevelopmental disorders. (DSM-5). ADHD has been on the rise in the United States of America. Not only hasRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder748 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Well it is one of the most commonly developed disorders among children, teens and adults (National Institute of Mental Health). In fact 5-8% of school-aged children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Mikami, Reuland and Griggs). According to the Mayo Clinic staff, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a mental health condition exhibited by difficulty maintaining attention, as well as hyperactivity and impulsive behaviorRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder996 Words   |  4 PagesAttention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder are a disorder that greatly affects children, teens, and adults. Although it is most prominent and know about in children 10 and under adolescent and adult aged people also suffer. ADHD causes people to have a hard time sitting still or even focusing on one thing for a period of time. ADHD may be caused by Genetic, Neurobiological, or Psychological factors. ADHD may also be comorbid with another disorder. 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There is a variability in prevalence rates across countries, which has led to researchers to question whether ADHD diagnosis reflects the norms and biases of western cultures. Even though the diagnosis are thought to reflect western cultures and norms, itRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 797 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (also referred to as ADHD) is a common emotional and behavioural difficulty problem. According to the HADD Ireland Website (2014), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical/neurobiological condition in which the brains neurotransmitter chemicals, noradrenalin and dopamine do not work properly. ADHD is a disorder that without the correct detection, treatment and management can have considerable and long lasting effects and consequences for anRead MoreAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Also Commonly1538 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder, also commonly referred to as ADHD, is a disorder that affects one’s attention, activity and impulsivity. It is one of the most common neurobiological disorders among children and adolescents, and is diagnosed using the DSM-5, a class of neurodevelopmental disorders. According to Schug, Robert Fradella, Henry. (2015) DSM is, â€Å"The primary tool used in the United States to define and diagnose mental illnesses. The

Understanding Factors That Influence Self Management

consists of the daily behaviors where individuals engage in to regulate their chronic illness. By understanding factors that influence self-management, health care providers can improve their assessment of self-management amongst adults with chronic illness. With this knowledge, health care providers can also tailor the interventions to meet individuals’ needs and promote better health outcomes. Mr. K is a patient I encountered during my time at Western Hospital in the General Internal Medicine unit. He is a 56-year-old African male who didn’t have medical insurance. He was treated for COPD and RLL pneumococcal pneumonia at and was ready for discharge. He had a history of smoking (because it was considered â€Å"cool back in his days†) and†¦show more content†¦K’s lifestyle and experience. The concepts in the Health Promotion Model were used by the NP to guide Mr. K’s discharge plan. The model’s assumptions were exemplified through this scenario. Mr. K sought out to actively regulate his health as he collaborated with the nurse. Together, they identified deterrents that prevented the problem from being fixed. He also demonstrated that the environment plays an active role in health promotion. In the past, Mr. K had mentioned that he was heavily influenced by peers to smoke, resulting in his current unhealthy state. But we can also see that environment has a positive effect seeing that being at home with his grandkids has motivated him to quit smoking and work towards a healthier lifestyle. The health care team also played an influential role as the NP worked with the patient to create a treatment plan tailored to his needs. She incorporates solutions that empower his ability to manage his HTN and smoking. The patient also identified his purpose for better management. His grandchildren have motivated him to live a longer and healthier life. Mr. K may have also been further motivated after hearing the possible ma jor complications of HTN and smoking. Also, by fortifying strengths and addressing obstacles and facilitators, the NP increases patient adherence to his goals. The NP then used the HPM to identify behaviors that affect the client’s self-management ability. She collected all dataShow MoreRelatedPurpose. The Purpose Of The Study Is To Have An Understanding1289 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose The purpose of the study is to have an understanding that immigrant youth in the Unites States are at a greater risk for weight management problems than non-Hispanic White Youth. It also provides an insight on how assessment of participation and weight management strategies promote greater engagement in healthy weight management and guide program development in wellness and health promotion for immigrants and refugees. Some research questions that protrude in this study are whether limitingRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1633 Words   |  7 PagesFor organizations to be effective (doing the right things) and efficient (doing things right), those persons (managers) charged with the responsibility of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the affairs of organizations must have an understanding of and appreciation for the dynamics which result when people and technology are brought together for a common purpose. They must be able to: 1. Describe systematically how people behave under a variety of conditions. 2. Understand why peopleRead MoreFayol s Five Functions Of Management1099 Words   |  5 PagesWe may define management as â€Å"a process that involves planning, organizing leading (or deploying), and controlling resources in order to achieve goals† [Martin, J, 2010, pg12]. A manager must exercise influence over others using extrinsic motivation to optimise an organisations performance. There is little consensus about the term management, with many management theories outlining what is required of a manager. Theorist, Mintzberg, purposed the most suitable theory for an engineering discipline.Read MorePerception and People1198 Words   |  5 Pages discuss how your study of perception contributes to your understanding of behaviour of people in your organisation. Perception varies from person to person. Different people perceive different things about the same situation. People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. It is our personal perception of that reality which shapes and directs our behaviour and not some objective understanding of external reality. For example, if one person on a hillsideRead MoreHistory Of Pender s Health Promotion Model783 Words   |  4 Pagessciences (Alkhalaileh, Khaled, Baker, Bond, 2011). The model’s framework is based in a holistic and multidimensional view of individuals within the constant interactions of their interpersonal and physical environments. The model outlines factors that influence health behaviors by combining the nursing and behavioral sciences. It recognizes behavior as multifactorial phenomenon highly influenced by experiential, cognitive, emotional and social contexts (Alkhalaileh et al., 2011; Pender, 2011). Read MoreThe Implement ation And Sustenance Of Jit1383 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological factors also play a vital role. Little consideration of the complexities involved in psychological pattern of employees and suppliers would reveal a vast field hitherto explored in the manufacturing environment. Every manufacturing practice has two elements; one is the technical element and other is the human element. In this paper, we attempt to understand the criticalities involved in the human element of the JIT practice. For this purpose, we researched upon the various factors affectingRead MoreEssay Business Negotiations 1648 Words   |  7 Pagesnegotiations, and personal negotiations are intertwining. Business negotiations can have an influence on personal negotiations and personal negotiation can influence business negotiations. Experiences through business negotiations, even if subconsciously, often determine the outcomes of personal negotiations. One may not realize the importance of business negations in the personal environment; however, the influences may determine the outcome of simple negotiations such as a location for dinner. AdditionallyRead MoreAviation Safety And How Effective Crew Resource Management Training1513 Words   |  7 Pagescultures in aviation safety and how effective Crew Resource Management training is, how it has systems have evolved and been implemented to optimise safety. The goal of this approach to cross-cultural environments is not to eliminate culture or create a homogenous culture, however to simply understand culture and create awareness by recognising and managing potential threats posed by different cultural interfaces (CROSS-CULTURAL FACTORS IN AVIATION SAFET, Ashleigh Merritt and Daniel Maurino). A safetyRead MoreDifferent Views Of Innate Ability Of Leadership1255 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is leadership? Leadership has nothing to do with seniority, titles, personal attributes and leadership isn’t management. According to Peter Drucker (Forbes) â€Å"The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.† and John Maxwell (Forbes) said â€Å"Leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less.† But according to me Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal. I will write this essay is to understand theRead MoreEffective Leadership Styles Within The Workplace1584 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract An effective leader influences their employees in a desired manner to achieve goals and objectives. Different leadership styles can affect an organization’s effectiveness and performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the review of literature on various leadership styles over the past years and how effective and ineffective different leadership styles are in the workplace. Introduction A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influence one or more followers and

Report Comair Flight Free Essays

My Summary Comair Flight 191, also marketed and know as Delta Connection Flight 5191, was scheduled to fly from Lexington, Kentucky, to Atlanta, Georgia, on the morning of August 27, 2006. Unfortunately the jet crashed while attempting to take off from Blue Grass Airport in Fayette County, Kentucky. There is a ton of information on this accident and numerous â€Å"mistakes† that possibly led to it but it seems that the majority of the blame was put on the captain. We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Comair Flight or any similar topic only for you Order Now I find this accident had multiple people at fault, in that if any one person was able to do their job professionally and accurately, this accident would not of happened and those people would still be alive today. The Event The aircraft was assigned by the tower to the airport’s Runway 22 for the takeoff, but used Runway 26 instead. Runway 26 was too short for a safe takeoff which was typically used for general aviation, causing the aircraft to overrun the end of the runway before it could become airborne. It crashed just past the end of the runway, killing all 47 passengers and two of the three crew. The first officer was the only survivor and not the pilot in command but was flying at the time of the accident. Matthew Kawamura 06/15/2013 Air Trans 1010 SM Errors Leading Some of these errors are of skill based, judgment and or perception based but some are a combination. 1. The flight crew initially boarded the wrong aircraft. A Comair ramp agent noticed that the accident flight crew had boarded the wrong airplane and started its auxiliary power unit. Another company ramp agent notified the flight crewmembers that they had boarded the wrong airplane. The flight crew then shut down the APU and proceeded to the correct airplane. I don’t know if this is a common mistake but shows me how easy the day can start off wrong. That’s 3 professional people that all walked on the wrong plane and did not notice. Should this have set off some alarms that something was not right? My question has no answers but am sure it may have caused them to be behind schedule and then add some sort of stress. 2. The LEX air traffic control tower was staffed with one controller at the time of the accident airplane’s preflight activities, taxi, and attempted takeoff. The controller was responsible for all tower and radar positions. I believe that if the tower did not check on the radar position and follow through on watching the aircraft. He was to make sure the aircraft was on the correct runway. According to the report, the tower was to be manned with two people. If this was enforced, maybe the controller would not have been so over worked and could have caught the mistake. I think also that the controller had assumptions that this crew knew what was going on and didn’t need to be babysat. There had not been any issues with any other aircraft getting on the wrong runway that we know of. 3. The first officer began the takeoff briefing, which is part of the before starting engines checklist. During the briefing, he had confusion as to what runway to use and stated, â€Å"he said what runway†¦ two four,† to which the captain replied, â€Å"it’s two two. † The first officer continued the briefing, which included three additional references to runway 22. This would lead one to believe that there was no more confusion about what runway to use and a second check could have saved them. 4. During the brief, the first officer also noted that the runway end identifier lights were out and commented, â€Å"came in the other night it was like †¦ lights are out all over the place. † This reflects the care of the airport fac ilities. Sounds like a simple task to replace lights but we have no answers to why this is allowed to go on. Having had been to this airport other times, I can see no concern for it as long as you are sure. Just because other planes are doing it doesn’t make it safe. I feel a lot of stuff is follow the leader or a check list mindlessly because that’s how it is and is the same result at the end†¦ Everything the same and ok. This brings in carelessness. Matthew Kawamura 06/15/2013 Air Trans 1010 SM Violations 1. During the start engines checklist, some shady stuff was going on. The captain pointed out that the before starting engines checklist had already been completed, and the first officer questioned, â€Å"We did†? The irst officer seems to be a little behind the curve, the captain is going to fast for him through the checks or just wanted to skipped it completely. Being only a first officer, who is going to argue and is just relying on the captain’s word or not doing checks properly. This also may be standard cheating around the industry. Who will blow the whistle? 2. The flight crew engaged in conversation that was not pertinent to the operation of the flight. This would be violating the sterile cockpit rules during critical moments. Matthew Kawamura 06/15/2013 Air Trans 1010 SM Maybe a sterile cockpit could of helped? Three people messing around sounds like fun but seem to forget about the other people on board who depend on them to be professional. Environmental The crew, tower, weather and plane all seemed to be good to go from the reports. The runway had lighting issues and the charts had some issues. 1. Runway 4/22 had high intensity runway lights that worked and also had centerline lights and runway end identifier lights, but they were out of service at the time of the accident because of a construction project. If more care would of been put in place to how this affects the pilots, and listened to pilot complaints this should not of been an issue. 2. The charts showed the taxiway configuration at the completion of the construction project that was not completed. I couldn’t figure out what all the before and after charts meant, but the bottom line is that the charts in use were out of date and or didn’t show proper information which could have caused more confusion for the crew. Supervision 1. The captain began a discussion with the first officer about which of them should be the flying pilot to ATL. The captain offered the flight to the first officer, and the first officer accepted. Matthew Kawamura 06/15/2013 Air Trans 1010 SM The captain delegated to the first officer and then seemed to rush through the check list and the first officer seemed to not be quite on the ball. The first officer let the captain take control of the check list, this in turn led to inadequate supervision and failure to correct. Organizational influence For the pilots, they seemed to be way relaxed not worried about what was going on around them. This was just another flight even though there was a lot around them going wrong to include the lights and short briefs. Seems that there is no checks to see how people work when no one is watching. For the tower, He seemed relaxed at his job also. He did some presuming and thought he didn’t have to babysit professionals. He saw the Comair airplane make a turn toward what he presumed to be runway 22, which was the last time he observed the airplane. The controller stated that, after he saw the airplane make this turn, he turned away and faced the tower cab’s center console so that he could begin the traffic count. Verbal guidance from the FAA’s vice president of terminal services, stated that facilities with radar and tower responsibilities were to be staffed with two controllers on the midnight shift so that the functions could be split, although both controllers could be colocated in the tower. There seemed to be checks and the tower continued how they wanted. Sounds like there should have been two controllers on duty so this puts people higher in the chain of command at being relaxed and not needing to worry cause it won’t happen to them. The Complete Chain IMO ( In my opinion) 1. I think the first link to the chain of events that led to this crash was when they boarded the wrong plane. This may have put them behind and then started the short cutting of briefs and procedures. Maybe it was just the beginning of their laziness and nothing cloud of have changed it. 2. The charts and lighting situation may have caused more confusion in the cockpit. 3. If the tower had two people, it may have helped out one of the controllers and allowed him the time to watch and make sure they were on the correct runway. The first two points being corrected still may not have prevented this accident but certainly the third would have prevented it unless they just didn’t listen. Solutions 1. Better taxi brief and follow. 2. Use check list and not shortcut. 3. Sterile cockpit. 4. Rest periods modified and day/night shift crews. 5. CRM training 6. Random safety checks 7. Fix lighting and make better 8. Look out the window for cues. Matthew Kawamura 06/15/2013 Air Trans 1010 SM NTSB determination â€Å"The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the flight crewmembers’ failure to use available cues and aids to identify the airplane’s location on the airport surface during taxi and their failure to cross?check and verify that the airplane was on the correct runway before takeoff. Contributing to the accident were the flight crew’s nonpertinent conversation during taxi, which resulted in a loss of positional awareness, and the Federal Aviation Administration’s failure to require that all runway crossings be authorized only by specific air traffic control clearances. † How to cite Report: Comair Flight, Papers

Old Man And The Sea Essay Summary Example For Students

Old Man And The Sea Essay Summary This part of the story has to do with Santiago against nature and the sea. In this part of the story, he goes out and fights nature in the form of terrible forces and dangerous creatures, among them, a marlin, sharks and hunger. He starts the story in a small skiff and moves out in a journey to capture a fish after a long losing streak of eighty-four days. Unfortunately his friend must desert him due to this problem and a greater force, his parents. Santiago must go out into the danger alone. For three harsh days and nights he fights a fish of enormous power. This is the second form of nature he must conquer. Earlier in the story, the first part of nature is himself, for which he must fight off his hunger. This is a harsh part of the story. He manages though to get a few bites in the form of flying fish and dolphin of which he would like to have salt on. This part of the story tells of a cold and harsh sea, that is, one that has value and mystery as well as death and danger. It has c ommercial value as well as the population of life in it. It is dark and treacherous though, and every day there is a challenge. A similar story tells about a tidal pool with life called `Cannery Road. This part of the story has to deal with figures of Christ. It mainly deals with Santiago as being a figure of Christ and other characters as props, that is, characters which carry out the form of biblical themes. On the day before he leaves when he wakes up, Manolin, his helper, comes to his aid with food and drink. Also a point that might be good is that he has had bad luck with his goal for a great period of time and is sure it will work this time. Later, though, when Santiago needs him for the quest he sets out to do, Manolin deserts him, although he may not have wanted to at this time. In the novel Santiago comes upon a force bigger than his skiff, the marlin which misleads him out far past his intended reach. This is where he starts to lose his strength against something which seems a greater force. Santiago has a struggle of three days, which is significent because of the three days in Easter, and continues to fight on though his goal may not aquire anything. This is another id ea through which Christ did, a struggle to get a goal done even though it may mean certain destruction to himself. This might accomplish nothing but the satisfaction of doing this and also has great risks. Finally he comes upon a painful experience with his hand which is in great pain and wont move. This is useful in the place where Christ loses his physical self and has less to deal with. On the third day, he recovers himself and returns to his home even though his only remaining treasure was a broken skiff, experience, and a torn up marlin. And in the final conclusion, you can see him dragging the mast of his skiff, a cross-like object, in his hand. This story has a certain sequence of events, first it has a hunter vs. his prey. This hunter does respect th e prey. Throughout the book it has this series of events: encounter, battle, defeat, and respect for the prey. This is Hemmingways `Code of Honor. This part of the novel has to do with relationships between two characters. The first to discuss are Santiago and Manolin, Manolin being the small follower of the old man named Santiago. Manolin is a small person that follows Santiago and listens to his wisdom. They treat each other unfriendly though for Manolin calls the Santiago old man and he calls Manolin `boy which seems to be absurd. In that situation I would consider both of them to go see a doctor. The next relationship to talk about would be that between Santiago and the village, which seems to be much better. He is given credit for food and he also is waiting to show his greatness to the villageby catching a great fish as soon as he can. His thought on that, though, is that any fisherman can ctach it during the easy season but only a few can go out and catch one during the hard season. He has no consideration for the luck, and would rather try to fish through being exact rather than being lucky. The other relationship in th is story has to do with Manolin and his parents. Manolin seems to be very rebellious against his parents, although he does submit to their demands. Santiagos greatest link to the village is the boy. Santiago may be poor in the story, yet is proud. .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .postImageUrl , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:hover , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:visited , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:active { border:0!important; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:active , .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5 .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua28e5c857eccd23d312a84dc2359e5f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Magical Realism Literature Literary Criticism Magi EssayThis story when compared to being imaginative is good, but in real life is somewhat of a `Fish Story. The part where an old man being able to load in a ton of fish is very unimaginable. The scenario, though, is very interesting for the part of the old man. He goes out all alone into the depths of the ocean without an idea for what is in store. This story has good points, for when it comes to the better parts of the story, it emphasizes by placing in mind step by step of the way he does certain actions. The part of the story which, to the best of my belief, had no part or reference in the story was the dream of lions o n a beach of Africa, which this fisherman probably had never even visited much less seeing lions on a beach. This was like most stories in the main plot. First characters are introduced, then a threat reveals itself, showing true natures of all the characters, and finally the threat is fought off or it remains, leaving the reader in suspense. This had a good plot but needed more to go on in my opinion. Hemingways strong parts of this story are emphasized on vocabulary. He probably learned these fisherman terms for he once was a fisherman in Cuba. There is one problem to this, though. Throughout the story he uses these terms over and over although the ordinary person, like me, would forget them after the first use of them and unfortunately he doesnt ever re-coin the terms again throughout the book. Some vocabulary he uses stands for sharks or the sea itself. Others he uses for bait. The main idea though in this part is to let the reader get the feel for the life, setting and character of the fisherman himself. This is a great move to place yet is also very hard to co-exist with the average reader. This has some good points, though, and among them is review. The reader must review the story and skim it in order to rethink the concept of the word. Then he or she must return to the current position in the book and place it into the text. The concept of vocabulary is a standard not to l ive by, and should not be placed into most books unless the terms are to be used many times throughout the book. Hemingway has merged three themes already mentioned above successfully unto this book. Among them are figures of Christ, Nature (the sea), and a code of honor. This was challenging. The obvious ones were nature, its cruelty and compassion. Nature caused his hand pain yet healed it, caused hunger yet satisfied it, and gave the fish yet reclaimed it. This is the way nature works. Nature is actually more luck than a set of rules, for it can shift back and forth with the greatest of ease. The second theme, religion, could not be easily pulled from the text. The best clue to where it happens is the falls of Santiago as well as his carrying the mast. This symbolizes the end of Christ, although Santiago on the other hand is just retiring for the night. But it could be interpreted as the end of the book for which it is. The code of honor is not actually probably the hardest to interpret. It can only be pulled from context, which is the hardest to do. It has mainly to do with the rise, battle and fall of the prey and respect following. The problem in this is that Santiago was at fault for expanding out so far, and it was dangerous. This is similiar to the book A Journey to the Center of the Earth, which I recently read.